Editing Elemental damage

'''Elemental damage''' is a modifier that exists on certain attacks and weapons. Elemental damage is one of the manifestations of [[Light]] and [[Darkness]], and can be used to a player's advantage to make their attacks more effective. It comes into play for both [[Guardian]]s and enemies.

==Elemental types==
{{Quote|Arc is the element of motion and conduction, and is created when the electromagnetic forces of our universe struggle to achieve balance. According to [[Ikora Rey|Ikora]], Arc teaches us that change is a fundamental aspect of the universe.|[[Osiris]], on Arc}}
{{Quote|Solar requires us to both exploit and rely on the power of our sun. But to master it is to understand the star's duality. The nuclear force that scorches anything foolish enough to draw near... is the same force we harness to heal.|Osiris, on Solar}}
{{Quote|Void is the element of cosmic distortion. It is the pull of gravity and the promise of entropy. The vacuum of space, and the gravitational forces that shape it, teaches us that emptiness is not nothingness.|Osiris, on Void}}
{{Quote|Stasis is the element of will and control. It slows, detains, and shatters. It was our first step into Darkness, and taught us the universe is not black and white as it first seemed... Control over self can foster control over others, but without power over the self, destruction runs wild.|Osiris, on Stasis}}
{{Quote|Strand is our newest foray into Darkness. As I understand it now, it is the elemental manifestation of psychic connection. All minds are connected in a web of consciousness, which we can now see and feel. To wield Strand is to pull on the hidden connecting threads, and to use them to create, manipulate, and unravel.|Osiris, on Strand}}
There are six damage types:
*'''Kinetic''': White — the default damage type on most weapons, causes generic damage to any enemy.
*'''[[Solar]]''': Orange — causes Solar damage.
*'''[[Arc]]''': Light blue — causes Arc damage.
*'''[[Void]]''': Purple — causes Void damage.
*'''[[Stasis]]''': Dark blue — causes Stasis damage.
*'''[[Strand]]''': Green — causes Strand damage.
*'''[[Prismatic]]''': Pink — causes a mixture of damage types.

==Weapons==
Weapons can be infused with elemental damage; by default, most weapons only do kinetic damage, but some may come with modifiers. The modifier is indicated not only on the weapon's stats but also in the weapon menu on the HUD. At the [[common]] level, only [[Fusion Rifle]]s deal elemental damage, but at higher levels nearly all special and heavy weapons deal elemental damage. In [[Destiny]], only a handful of primary weapons deal elemental damage, and most of those weapons are typically acquired in [[Raid]]s.

The damage type on most weapons is random, though some weapons such as [[Exotic]]s or [[Legendary]] Raid weapons have a set damage type.

In [[Destiny 2]], all Energy slot weapons do Arc, Solar or Void damage, Kinetic slot weapons do Kinetic, Stasis, or Strand damage and Power weapons do all damage types except Kinetic. The perk Osmosis on a kinetic weapon turns weapon damage into the same as your subclass when a grenade is used, until the weapon is swapped. 

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! [[Weapon]] Class !! {{Icon|Solar}} Solar !! {{Icon|Arc}} Arc !! {{Icon|Void}} Void !! {{Icon|Stasis}} Stasis!! {{Icon|Strand}} Strand !! {{Icon|Kinetic}} Kinetic 
|-
| [[Auto Rifle]] || [[Abyss Defiant]], [[Tommy's Matchbook]], [[Hard Light]]† || [[Zhalo Supercell]], [[Centrifuse]], [[Hard Light]]†, [[Necrochasm]] (D1) || [[Atheon's Epilogue]], [[Reckless Oracle]], [[Hard Light]]† || [[Krait]], [[Herod-C]], [[Horror Story]] (reprised) || [[Rufus's Fury]], [[Perpetualis]], [[Quicksilver Storm]] (catalyst) || [[Sweet Business]], [[Monte Carlo]], [[Cerberus+1]], [[Suros Regime]], [[Khvostov 7G-0X]], [[Necrochasm]] (D2), [[Quicksilver Storm]] (base)
|-
| [[Submachine Gun]] || [[Tarrabah]], [[CALUS Mini-Tool]], [[Bug-Out Bag]] || [[Riskrunner]], [[IKELOS SMG v1.0.1]], [[Seventh Seraph VY-7]] || [[The Recluse]], [[Funnelweb]], [[The Manticore]] || [[Forensic Nightmare]], [[Blood Feud]], [[Prolonged Engagement]] || [[The Immortal (submachine gun)|The Immortal]], [[Synchronic Roulette]], [[Imminence]] || [[The Huckleberry]], [[Osteo Striga]], [[Submission]]
|-
| [[Pulse Rifle]] || [[Outlast]], [[BxR-55 Battler]], [[Forge's Pledge]], [[Red Death|Red Death Reformed]] || [[Oversoul Edict]], [[Praedyth's Timepiece]], [[Insidious]] || [[Graviton Lance]], [[Collective Obligation]], [[Gridskipper]] || [[Syncopation-53]], [[Disparity]], [[Stay Frosty]] || [[Different Times]], [[Nightshade]] (reprised), [[Relentless]] (reprised) || [[No Time to Explain]], [[Red Death]], [[Bad Juju]], [[Outbreak Prime|Outbreak Perfected]], [[Vigilance Wing]], [[Revision Zero]],
|-
| [[Scout Rifle]] || [[Vision of Confluence]], [[Skyburner's Oath]], [[Polaris Lance]] || [[Fang of Ir Yût]], [[Symmetry (weapon)|Symmetry]], [[Eternal Blazon]] || [[Royal Chase]], [[Aisha's Embrace]], [[Doom of Chelchis]] (D2) || [[Perses-D]], [[Jararaca-3sr]], [[Wicked Implement]] || [[Taraxippos]], [[Glissando-47]], [[The Guiding Sight]] (reprised) || [[Jade Rabbit]], [[MIDA Multi-Tool]], [[Dead Man's Tale]], [[Touch of Malice]]
|-
| [[Hand Cannon]] || [[Sunshot]], [[Eriana's Vow]], [[Ancient Gospel]] (original) || [[Posterity]], [[Combined Action]], [[Fatebringer]] (D1) || [[Word of Crota]], [[The Palindrome]], [[Bottom Dollar]] || [[Vulpecula]], [[Something New]], [[Eyasluna]] (D2) || [[Round Robin]], [[Kept Confidence]] || [[Sturm]], [[The Last Word]], [[Thorn]], [[Lumina]], [[Ace of Spades]], [[Crimson]], [[Malfeasance]], [[Hawkmoon]]
|-
| [[Sniper Rifle]] || [[Ice Breaker]], [[Black Spindle]], [[Whisper of the Worm]], [[Still Hunt]], [[Borealis]]† || [[Patience and Time]], [[Hereafter]], [[D.A.R.C.I.]], [[Cloudstrike]], [[Borealis]]† || [[Eye of Sol]], [[Borealis]]†, [[Praedyth's Revenge]] (D1) || [[Thoughtless]], [[Irukandji]], [[A Distant Pull]] || [[Volta Bracket]], [[Naeem's Lance]] || [[Izanagi's Burden]], [[Shepherd's Watch]], [[Praedyth's Revenge]] (D2)
|-
| [[Bow]] || [[Tyranny of Heaven]], [[Ticuu's Divination]], [[Hierarchy of Needs]] || [[Trinity Ghoul]], [[Wolftone Draw]], [[Tripwire Canary]] || [[Le Monarque]], [[Leviathan's Breath]], [[Imperial Needle]] || [[Verglas Curve]], [[Raconteur]], [[Lunulata-4b]] || [[Wish-Keeper]], [[Vengeful Whisper]] || [[Wish-Ender]], [[Fel Taradiddle]], [[Accrued Redemption]]
|-
| [[Fusion Rifle]] || [[Pocket Infinity]], [[Vex Mythoclast]], [[One Thousand Voices]], [[Jötunn]], [[Merciless]], [[Murmur]]†, [[Tessellation]]*, [[Sleeper Simulant]] (D1) || [[Queenbreakers' Bow]], [[Plan C]], [[Delicate Tomb]], [[Murmur]]†, [[Tessellation]]* || [[Telesto]], [[Null Composure]], [[The Epicurean]], [[Tessellation]]* || [[Riptide (Fusion Rifle)|Riptide]], [[Deliverance]], [[Burden of Guilt]], [[Tessellation]]* || [[Pressurized Precision]], [[Nox Perennial V]], [[Tessellation]]* || [[Bastion (weapon)|Bastion]], [[Tessellation]]*
|-
| [[Shotgun]] || [[Invective]], [[Lord of Wolves]], [[Duality (Exotic)|Duality]], [[Conditional Finality]]†, [[The Chaperone]] (D1) || [[Found Verdict]], [[The Fourth Horseman]], [[Legend of Acrius]], [[Astral Horizon]] (D1) || [[Tractor Cannon]], [[Python]], [[Swordbreaker]] (D1) || [[Fractethyst]], [[No Reprieve]], [[Conditional Finality]]† || [[Until Its Return]], [[Supercluster]], [[Swordbreaker]] (D2) || [[Perfect Paradox]], [[Riiswalker]], [[The Chaperone]] (D2)
|-
| Primary [[Sidearm]] || [[Drang]], [[Devil's Ruin]], [[Redback-5si]] || [[Brigand's Law]], [[Trespasser]], [[Vestian Dynasty]] || [[Brass Attacks]], [[Seventh Seraph SI-2]], [[Fioritura-59]] || [[Cryosthesia 77K]], [[Liminal Vigil]], [[Senuna SI6]] || [[Final Warning]], [[Mykel's Reverence]], [[Breachlight]] (reprised) || [[Rat King]], [[Traveler's Chosen (Exotic)|Traveler's Chosen]], [[Breachlight]] (original)
|-
| Special [[Sidearm]] || [[Aberrant Action]] || [[Dreg's Promise]], [[Indebted Kindness]] || [[Buried Bloodline]] || [[Tinasha's Mastery]] || [[The Call]] || [[Forerunner]]
|-
| [[Machine Gun]] || [[Super Good Advice]], [[Nemesis Star]], [[Abbadon]], [[Xenophage]], [[Heir Apparent]] || [[Thunderlord]], [[21% Delirium]], [[THE SWARM]] || [[Corrective Measure]], [[Nova Mortis]], [[Deterministic Chaos]] || [[Recurrent Impact]], [[Chain of Command]], [[Qullim's Terminus]] (D2) || [[Circular Logic]], [[Marcato-45]], [[Pro Memoria]] ||
|-
|[[Rocket Launcher]] || [[Gjallarhorn]], [[Dragon's Breath]], [[Eyes of Tomorrow]], [[Two-Tailed Fox]]‡ || [[The Wardcliff Coil]], [[The Hothead]], [[Two-Tailed Fox]] (catalyst) || [[Truth]], [[Deathbringer]], [[Two-Tailed Fox]] || [[Bump in the Night]], [[Palmyra-B]], [[Cold Comfort]] || [[Crowning Duologue]], [[Semiotician]] ||
|-
| [[Sword]] || [[Sol Edge]], [[Raze-Lighter]], [[The Young Wolf's Howl]], [[The Lament]], [[Ergo Sum]]† || [[Arc Edge]], [[Bolt-Caster]], [[Worldline Zero]], [[Ergo Sum]]† || [[Void Edge]], [[Dark-Drinker]], [[Black Talon]], [[Heartshadow]], [[Ergo Sum]]† || [[The Slammer]], [[Ill Omen]], [[Zephyr]] (reprised) || [[Thin Precipice]], [[Dragoncult Sickle]] ||
|-
| Special [[Grenade Launcher]] || [[Empty Vessel]], [[Explosive Personality]], [[Dead Messenger]]† || [[Salvager's Salvo]], [[Forbearance]], [[Ex Diris]], [[Dead Messenger]]† || [[Deafening Whisper]], [[Fighting Lion]], [[Wilderflight]], [[Dead Messenger]]† || [[Lingering Dread]], [[New Pacific Epitaph]], [[Lost Signal]] || [[Tusk of the Boar]] || [[Witherhoard]], [[Pardon Our Dust]], [[Ignition Code]]
|-
| Heavy [[Grenade Launcher]] || [[Love and Death]], [[Canis Major]], [[Parasite]] || [[The Prospector]], [[Anarchy]], [[Wendigo GL3]] || [[The Colony]], [[Regnant]], [[Swarm of the Raven]] || [[Salvation's Grip]], [[Dimensional Hypotrochoid]], [[Typhon GL5]] || [[Koraxis's Distress]], [[Cataphract GL3]], [[Wicked Sister]] (reprised) || 
|-
| [[Linear Fusion Rifle]] || [[Man o' War]], [[Komodo-4FR]], [[Briar's Contempt]], [[Sleeper Simulant]] (D2) || [[Tarantula]], [[The Queenbreaker]], [[Stormchaser]] || [[Crooked Fang-4FR]], [[Lorentz Driver]], [[Threaded Needle]], [[Doomed Petitioner]] || [[Reed's Regret]], [[Fire and Forget]], [[Suspectrum-4fr]] || [[Laser Painter]], [[Euphony]], [[Scintillation]] || [[Arbalest]]
|-
| [[Trace Rifle]] || [[Prometheus Lens]], [[Acasia's Dejection]], [[Retraced Path]] || [[Coldheart]], [[Divinity]], [[Path of Least Resistance]] || [[Wavesplitter]], [[Ruinous Effigy]], [[Hollow Denial]] || [[Ager's Scepter]], [[Appetence]] || [[The Navigator]], [[Incisor]] || [[Microcosm]]
|-
| [[Glaive]] || [[Edge of Intent]], [[Lubrae's Ruin]], [[Judgement of Kelgorath]] || [[Edge of Concurrence]], [[Nezarec's Whisper]], [[Unexpected Resurgence]] || [[Edge of Action]], [[The Enigma]], [[Vexcalibur]] || [[Winterbite]], [[Rake Angle]] || ||
|}

(†)[[Murmur]] is capable of switching between Arc and Solar damage whereas [[Hard Light]], [[Borealis]], [[Ergo Sum]], and [[Dead Messenger]] can switch between Arc, Solar, and Void, and [[Conditional Finality]] can do Stasis and Solar damage.

(‡)[[Two-Tailed Fox]] fires a Solar rocket and a Void rocket, but its in-game element is Void; it also fires an Arc rocket if the catalyst is inserted.

(*)[[Tessellation]]'s in-game element is Kinetic, but the damage type can change depending on the element matching your currently equipped grenade.

==Subclass elements in Destiny==
Each [[Guardian]] [[subclass]] focuses on one type of elemental damage. This extends to melee attacks, grenades, and [[Super]]s.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Class !! {{Icon|Solar}} Solar !! {{Icon|Arc}} Arc !! {{Icon|Void}} Void
|-
| [[Hunter]] || [[Gunslinger]] || [[Bladedancer]] || [[Nightstalker]]
|-
| [[Titan (class)|Titan]] || [[Sunbreaker]] || [[Striker]] || [[Defender]]
|-
| [[Warlock]] || [[Sunsinger]] || [[Stormcaller]] || [[Voidwalker]]
|}

==Subclass elements in Destiny 2==
{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Class !! {{Icon|Solar}} Solar !! {{Icon|Arc}} Arc !! {{Icon|Void}} Void !! {{Icon|Stasis}} Stasis !! {{Icon|Strand}} Strand
|-
| [[Hunter]] || [[Gunslinger]] || [[Arcstrider]] || [[Nightstalker]] || [[Revenant]] || [[Threadrunner]]
|-
| [[Titan (class)|Titan]] || [[Sunbreaker]] || [[Striker]] || [[Sentinel]] || [[Behemoth]] || [[Berserker]]
|-
| [[Warlock]] || [[Dawnblade]] || [[Stormcaller]] || [[Voidwalker]] || [[Shadebinder]] || [[Broodweaver]]
|}

==Enemies==
Enemy weapons and abilities typically have their own elemental damage types as well. Normally this doesn't come into play unless players are playing a mission with damage modifiers on. For example, a [[Nightfall]] mission with a 300% boost to Arc damage applies to both Guardians ''and'' enemies, so enemies that do Arc damage are especially dangerous.

Most [[Taken]] versions of weapons will do a different type of elemental damage than the original, and the [[Devil Splicers]]' common ranged weapons inflict Solar damage, while their melee weapons are still Arc. Some powerful enemies may have unique weapons that do different damage than their common versions.

{| class="wikitable"
|-
! Race !! {{Icon|Solar}} Solar weapon !! {{Icon|Arc}} Arc weapon !! {{Icon|Void}} Void weapon !! {{Icon|Stasis}} Stasis weapon  !! {{Icon|Strand}} Strand weapon !! {{Icon|Kinetic}} Kinetic weapon 
|-
| [[Fallen]] || [[Shrapnel Launcher]], [[Molten Welder]], [[Scorch Cannon]], [[Trip Mine]], [[Fallen Walker]]'s main weapon, [[Exploder Shank]] explosion (D1), [[Brig]] Annihilation Blaster, Brig Fiery Burst || [[Shock Pistol]], [[Shock Rifle]], [[Wire Rifle]], [[Shock Grenade]], [[Shock Dagger]], [[Shock Blade]], [[Arc Spear]], [[Pike]] weapons, [[Heavy Pike]] weapons, [[Skiff]] Turrets, [[Shank]] Turret, Fallen Walker's secondary weapon, [[Repeater Shank]] Repeater, Brig Electrocution Bolts, [[Security Turret]] Auto-turret, [[Exploder Shank]] explosion (D2) || [[Heavy Shank]] Turret, [[Servitor]] Eye, Brig Death Cannon || [[Duskfield Grenade]], [[Coldsnap Grenade]], Stasis Blasts, Crystal Wave || || Melee
|-
| [[Hive]] || [[Acolyte Grenade]], [[Splinter]], [[Swarm Grenade]], [[Blade Barrage]] || [[Boomer]], [[Thrall]] melee, [[Cursed Thrall]] explosion, [[Wizard]] Darkness Blast, [[Lucent Moth]] Explosive Light, [[Pulse Grenade]], [[Stormtrance]] || [[Shredder]], [[Soulfire Rifle]], [[Tombship]] Axion Darts, [[Ogre]] Eye Blast, [[Shrieker]] bolts, [[Suppressor Grenade]], [[Sentinel Shield]]s || || || [[Cleaver]], Poison Cloud, Melee
|-
| [[Vex]] || [[Slap Rifle]], [[Line Rifle]], [[Harpy]] Slap Rifle, [[Fanatic]] explosion, [[Hobgoblin]] Burning Shield, [[Hydra]] Death Blast|| [[Radiolaria]] pools, [[Supplicant]] explosion, [[Wyvern]] Gravity Slam || [[Torch Hammer]], [[Slap Grenade]], [[Vex Laser Rifle]], [[Warp Lance]], [[Aeon Maul]], [[Goblin]] melee, Hobgoblin melee, [[Cyclops]] blast || || || Melee
|-
| [[Cabal]] || [[Slug Rifle]], [[Projection Rifle]], [[Heavy Slug Thrower]], [[Cabal Headhunter]], [[Cabal Severus]], [[Cabal Magma Launcher]], [[Cabal Frag Detonator]], [[Harvester]], [[Thresher]], [[Interceptor]], [[Cabal warship]] missile fire, [[Goliath Tank]]'s weapons, [[Legionary]] melee (D2), [[Incendior]] malfunction, [[Colossus]] Cluster Missiles (D1), [[Scorpius]] Turret, [[Psion Flayer]] Solar Seekers, [[Calus]]'s Resonant Sun || [[Cabal Slug Launcher]], [[Cabal Slug Shotgun]], [[Psion]] melee (D1), Psionic Blast (D1), [[Colossus]] Cluster Missiles (D2), Psion Flayer Voltaic Strike || [[Cabal Bronto Cannon]], Psion melee (D2), Psionic Blast (D2), [[Centurion]] melee (D2), Psion Flayer Void Prison || || || [[War Beast]] claws, [[Phalanx]] shield lunge, Melee
|-
| [[Taken]] || Torch Hammer, Wire Rifle, Heavy Slug Thrower, Orphic Flame Tank, [[Taken Thrall]] melee, [[Taken Wizard]] Necromantic Gaze, [[Taken Knight]] Flame Bolts || Shrapnel Launcher, Slug Rifle, Shredder, Shock Blade, [[Acolyte's Eye]], [[Taken Ogre]] Rotten Surge, [[Taken Phalanx]] Shield Blast, [[Taken Captain]] Darkness Bolt || Boomer, Line Rifle, Slap Rifle, Projection Rifle, [[Chimera]] Eversion, [[Taken Hobgoblin]] Retaliation Swarm, [[Taken Centurion]] Axion Dart, [[Taken Incendior]] Umbral Blast Burn || [[Stasis Boomer]] || || Melee
|-
| [[Splicers]] || [[SIVA]]-infused ranged weapons, [[SIVA Charge]], [[Splicer Walker]] weapons (except Shock Grenades) || [[Shock Cannon]], [[Splicer Exploder Shank]] explosion, [[Splicer Repeater Shank]] Repeater || [[Null Cannon]], [[Wretched Gaze]] || || || Melee
|-
| [[Scorn]]|| [[Ether Totem|Ether-Torch]], [[Scorn Pistol]], [[Flame Torch]]es, [[Flame Censer]], [[Scorn Cannon]], [[Scorn Blaster]], [[Scorn Walker]]'s armaments, Scorn Pike's flame trail || [[Ether Totem|Ether-Bind]], [[Fanatic's Staff]], [[Scorn Mine Launcher]], [[Abomination]] Overcharged Ether, [[Screeb]] explosion || [[Scorn Rifle]], [[Scorn Repeater Pistol]], [[Scorn Crossbow]], [[Scorn Grenade]], [[Scorn Pike]] weapons || [[Stasis Censer]] || || [[Fallen Mace]], Melee
|-
| [[The Dread]] and [[Disciples of the Witness|Disciples]]|| [[Resonant Allision]], [[Transitory Lance]], [[Husk Blades]], [[Vicious Dissonance]], [[Subjugator|Omen]] Resonant Harrier, Suns of Lubrae, [[Rhulk, Disciple of the Witness|Rhulk]]'s attacks || || [[Nezarec, Final God of Pain|Nezarec]] and [[Tormentor]] abilities and [[Tormentor Scythe|Scythe]] || [[Attendant]] abilities, Omen abilities and [[Subjugator Glaive|Glaive]] || [[Subjugator|Harbinger]] abilities and [[Subjugator Glaive|Glaive]], [[Weaver]] abilities || [[Grim]] Screech, Melee
|}

==Trivia==
*It is unclear whether there is necessarily a distinction between the elemental damage done by weapons and the corresponding manifestation of the [[Light]] or [[Darkness]] associated with a given element; for example, a weapon which does Arc damage may not necessarily be imbued with the power of Arc Light, but rather merely fire electrified ammunition. In contrast, some weapons clearly do derive their power from the Light or Darkness, such as [[Salvation's Grip]] (which fires [[Stasis]] projectiles).
**This is backed up by Ikora's and Drifter's notes on the elements, Ikora states we do not know what came first, the Light or the Elements, but they are fundamentally linked like Twins<ref>[https://www.ishtar-collective.net/items/primordial-competitor?highlight=elements Primordial Competitor]</ref>, and Drifter states the Pyramid's energies are getting the Elements all twisted up<ref>[https://www.ishtar-collective.net/items/refining-the-recaster?highlight=elements Refining the Recaster]</ref>
*Osiris states that the Elements are a means to communicate with the Light, but recently, now with the Darkness.<ref>[https://www.ishtar-collective.net/items/elemental-competitor?highlight=elements Elemental Competitor]</ref>
*There are several types of planetary materials that responds to the Elements, Relic Crystals inside Relic Iron for Void on [[Mars]], Zeptocyte Cores inside Spinmetal Leaves for Arc in the [[Cosmodrome]], and Soliton Flares inside Helium Filaments for Solar on the [[Moon]].<ref>[https://www.ishtar-collective.net/items/withstand-the-elements?highlight=elements Withstand the Elements]</ref><ref>[https://www.ishtar-collective.net/items/essential-elements?highlight=elements Essential Elements (Void)]</ref><ref>[https://www.ishtar-collective.net/items/essential-elements-2?highlight=elements Essential Elements (Arc)]</ref><ref>[https://www.ishtar-collective.net/items/essential-elements-3?highlight=elements Essential Elements (Solar)]</ref>

==Gallery==
<gallery>
File:Destiny-ElementalDamagesChart.jpg
File:Stasis_Artwork.jpg|Stasis Artwork with Description of effects
</gallery>

==List of appearances==
*''[[Destiny]]'' {{1st}}
*''[[Destiny 2]]''
**''[[Beyond Light]]'' <small>(Stasis)</small>
**''[[Lightfall]]'' <small>(Strand)</small>

==References==
<references/>

[[Category:Gameplay mechanics]]